The Female Combat Pilots Of The Soviet Union s Air Force...

In her book on the female combat pilots of the Soviet Union s air force in World War II, former US Air Force intelligence officer turned historian Reina Pennington meets the war on the eastern front at an intersection of women s history, military history, and Soviet social history. Wings, Women, and War is the first scholarly survey of this topic, and it covers these units formation, training, performance, and post-war demobilization. The book s foreword author, eastern front historian John Erikson called it a behavioral, institutional, and operational study of women pilots throughout the Second World War. Though at some points Pennington struggles to balance her coverage from each of those angles, Wings, Women, and War is still a rich and useful study that disengages with present-day politics and agendas and embraces the nuances and complexity of its subjects. The book’s structure is not driven by a central thesis. The lack of thematic throughlines and overarching argum ents make it difficult to parse the information contained within each section. Pennington opts to break down the study loosely by chronology into three major sections. The first section includes some useful historical context on women s evolving roles in Soviet society before the war and aviation s rise in prominence in Soviet culture. This context informs Pennington s evaluation on why the women s aviation regiments were formed at all. She argues against the typical answers to thisShow MoreRelatedThe Soviet Union During World War II2214 Words   |  9 Pages During World War II women in the Soviet Union played a major role in helping the USSR win the war in a lot of different ways. In my paper I am going to show how Soviet women helped Russia win the war and the ways they went about in doing that. I am also going to write about how women were seen in the Soviet Union during this time and how the war changed how women were perceived in Russian society. Also I am going to write about how the efforts of women evolved throughout the war and howRead MoreSoviet Women During Wwi During World War II2406 Words   |  10 Pages Soviet Women during WW2 Women during World War II in the Soviet Union played a major role in helping the USSR win the war in a lot of different ways. In my paper I am going to show how Soviet women helped Russia win the war and the ways they went about in doing that and how without the support of women, the USSR would have lost the conflict and became part of Nazi Germany. I am also going to write about how women were seen in the Soviet Union during this time and Read MoreWomen During World War II1674 Words   |  7 PagesIn World War II, women contributed in many ways by entering the battle. Some of the jobs the women held were Army nurses, Red Cross members, factory work, etc. The United States were one of the few countries that put their women to work and was ridiculed for it. In 1948, President Truman signed the Women s Armed Services Integration Act which authorized regular and reserve status for women in the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps. These women showed true leadership by becoming leaders in battleRead MoreWomen During The Civil War1757 Words   |  8 Pagesin combat roles in the military; however, this has not always been true in the United States. Throughout history, women have had an active role in war time. The United States has documented cases of women disguising themselves as men in order to participate in combat as far back as the Civil War. It would seem that women have as much desire to serve as men, but in what capacity? This is a question that not only the United States has struggled with, but is a continuing debate around the world. TodayRead MoreWhy Do Women Belonf In Combat2123 Words   |  9 PagesEnglish 015 May 5, 2014 Why women belong in combat. Women in combat are female soldiers assigned to combat positions. History suggests that the combat positions were initially assigned to male individuals. Over time, however, individual women serving in combat were usually disguised as men or in leadership positions as queens e.g. queen Boudicca. She led the Britons against Rome. Also, Joan of arc is a famous example. In the WWII (Second World War), hundreds of thousands of German and BritishRead MoreModern History.Hsc.2012 Essay25799 Words   |  104 Pagesthree – Douglas MacArthur Topic Four – World War I TOPIC ONE – USA 1919-1941 USA 1920’S * the radio age * felt like istory had turned a corner and never going back * stock market * black Thursday November 24 1929 * the jazz age * a speakeasyyyyyyy How significant were the Republican policies in causing the great depression? 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We have continued Marketing Wars, which many of you recommended, and reinstated Comebacks of firms iii iv †¢ Preface rising from adversity. I have also brought back Ethical Mistakes, because I believe that organizations more than ever need to be responsive to society’s best

Environmental Consequences Of Green Manufacturing

Manufacturing accounts for a large portion of energy consumption, in fact, â€Å"it accounts for one-third of all the energy consumption in the United States†. With the manufacturing industry, limited resources like oil and natural gases may be consumed to generate the large amounts of energy required. From this industry, greenhouse gases and other harmful emissions may be generated during the processing of materials, and waste disposal may cause other pollution to the environment, which can lead to harmful environmental consequences in the future. Fortunately, substantial improvements have been made, and manufacturers and consumers are showing great concerns regarding the energy and the environment, even if the results can be relatively costly. Green manufacturing is a key player in providing cleaner energy resources, reducing greenhouse gases and other harmful emissions, degrading the impact of these gases, conserving natural resources and minimizing wastes. Not only wi ll it be beneficial to grow the renewable energy and clean technologies industries for environmental purposes, but it will also be beneficial to the global economy, as â€Å"It is estimated that green energy can save [Europe] 3 trillion Euros by 2050†. â€Å"Green jobs are growing faster than overall job growth in the United States†, thus showing that being environmentally sustainable is a necessity and is becoming a major component of a manufacturers business plan to stay industrially competitive. GreenShow MoreRelatedLife Cycle Engineering : Fall 20141676 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology Life Cycle Engineering – Fall 2014 MANE 4380U Course Instructor: Dr. James Yang Michael Smith 100301641 Automation in Green Engineering Manufacturing accounts for a large proportion of energy consumption, in fact, â€Å"it accounts for one-third of all the energy consumption in the United States† [1]. With the manufacturing industry, limited resources like oil and natural gases may be consumed to generate the large amounts of energy required. As a result of these processesRead MoreAir Pollution1597 Words   |  6 Pageswork overnight to establish strategies and policies to promote a positive environmental behavior. These practices of promoting conscious environmental behavior have varied consequences on the environment (Sharma, 2010). Technological developments also contribute significantly, both positively and negatively towards air pollution and as such are a subject of discussion in this topic. Strategies for promoting positive environmental behavior Air pollution results from both natural and human actions. 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This strategy sets out the drivers for the automotive manufacturing industry. †¢ Legislation: Governments all over the world is enforcing legislations to protect the environment based on the international agreement on climate change (KyotoRead MoreIs A Sustainable Cool?905 Words   |  4 PagesIs sustainable Cool? Since the mid 1990s consumers had become more concerned about environmental issues (Strong, 1996). He defines a green consumer as someone who rejects products that are harmful to him/her self or others around him, its manufacturing process damage the environment, consume a large amount of energy, involves unnecessary waste, and use material originated from threatened animal. According to Uusitalo and Oksanen (2004), this consumption concept is known as ethical consumerism.Read MoreParis Protocol960 Words   |  4 Pagessource for my paper. 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The Earth Free Essays

1.   Generally, atmosphere layers are hot if they contain gases that absorb some of the light that penetrates to that depth. Transparent layers are cool. We will write a custom essay sample on The Earth or any similar topic only for you Order Now The temperature of a layer is generally found by the balance between absorption of solar radiation (heating) and the emission of radiation (cooling). A planet reaches a temperature at which there is a balance between absorption of solar radiation and the emission of infrared radiation by the planet’s surface. The material in the atmosphere, which absorbs solar radiation most actively in ozone. Ozone absorbs electromagnetic waves in the ultra-violet wavelength band. It mainly resides in the stratosphere. Nevertheless, emission and absorption of terrestrial radiation occur at any levels, and the amounts are larger as temperature is higher. Absorption of solar radiation, on the other hand, is mostly limited to the ozone layer. Therefore, resulting equilibrium temperature is high in the ozone layer and low elsewhere. The part of solar radiation that transmit through the ozone layer, though somewhat absorbed in atmospheric constituents and clouds, mostly arrives at the surface (of sea and land) and is absorbed there. In the troposphere, the atmosphere tend to lose energy by radiation alone, but it is compensated by the energy transfer from the surface by means of vertical motion of air (i.e. by convection), and relatively high temperature is maintained. The vertical distribution of temperature in the troposphere is essentially determined as the result of convection. The atmosphere emits terrestrial radiation downward as well as upward. Therefore, terrestrial radiation from the atmosphere arrives at the surface in addition to solar radiation transmitted through the atmosphere. The atmosphere, containing water vapor and carbon dioxide, also absorbs a large part of terrestrial radiation emitted by the surface. The surface air temperature in reality (approximately 287 K) is significantly higher than the temperature of the radiation emitted by the earth to space (255 K), because of the effect of the atmosphere absorbing and re-emitting terrestrial radiation. Stratospheric cooling and tropospheric warming are intimately connected, not only through radiative processes, but also through dynamical processes, such as the formation, propagation and absorption of planetary waves. At present not all causes of the observed stratospheric cooling are completely understood. 2.   The Earth’s rotational axis is inclined 23.5 degrees from the perpendicular to the plane of the Earth’s orbit. The orientation of the Earth’s axis relative to the Sun and its rays changes continuously as our planet speeds along its orbital path. Twice a year the Earth’s axis is positioned perpendicular to the Sun’s rays, when all places on Earth except the poles experience equal periods of daylight and darkness. These times are the equinoxes, the first days of spring and fall, and they occur on or about March 21 and September 23, respectively. The Earth’s rotational axis is positioned at the greatest angle from its perpendicular equinox orientation to the Sun’s rays on the solstices – on or about June 21 and December 21. As the Earth orbits the Sun, the inclined axis causes the Northern Hemisphere to tilt towards the Sun for half of the year, i.e. the spring and summer seasons in North America. During this time, more than half of the Northern Hemisphere is in sunlight at any instant of time. During the other half of the year, i.e. the fall and winter seasons in North America, the axis tilts away and less than half of the Northern Hemisphere is in sunlight. The tilting of the Southern Hemisphere relative to the Sun’s rays progresses in opposite fashion, reversing its seasons relative to those in the Northern Hemisphere. The changing orientation of the Earth’s axis to the Sun’s rays determines the length of daylight and the path of the Sun as it passes through the sky at every location on Earth. The continuous change in the angular relationship between the Earth’s axis and the Sun’s rays causes the daily length of daylight to vary throughout the year everywhere on Ear th except at the equator. At the equator the daily period of daylight is the same day after day. The changing path of the Sun through the sky produces over the year a cyclical variation in the amounts of solar radiation received that exhibit maximum near the equinoxes and minimum near the solstices. The relatively little variation in the amounts of solar energy received over the year produces seasons quite different from those experienced at higher latitudes. Away from the tropics, the variations in the amounts of solar radiation received over the year increase as latitude increases. The amounts of sunlight received exhibit one minimum and one maximum in their annual swings. The poles have the greatest range since the Sun is in their skies continuously for six months and then below the horizon for the other half year. All seasonal changes are driven by changes in the amount of the Sun’s energy reaching the Earth’s surface (i.e., the amount of insolation). For example, more energy leads to higher temperatures, which results in more evaporation, which produces more rain, which starts plants growing. This sequence describes spring at mid-latitudes. Since visible light is the main form of solar energy reaching Earth, day length is a reasonably accurate way to gauge the level of insolation and has long been used as a way to understand when one season stops and the next one starts. 3.   Temperature is a number that is related to the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance. If temperature is measured in Kelvin degrees, then this number is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of the molecules. Heat is a measurement of the total energy in a substance. That total energy is made up of not only of the kinetic energies of the molecules of the substance, but total energy is also made up of the potential energies of the molecules. So, temperature is not energy. It is, though, a number that relates to one type of energy possessed by the molecules of a substance. Because adding heat energy usually results in a temperature rise, people often confuse heat and temperature. In common speech, the two terms mean the same: â€Å"I will heat it† means I will add heat; â€Å"I will warm it up† means I will increase the temperature. No one usually bothers to distinguish between these. Adding heat, however, does not always increase the temperature. For instance, when water is boiling, adding heat does not increase its temperature. This happens at the boiling temperature of every substance that can vaporize. At the boiling temperature, adding heat energy converts the liquid into a gas without raising the temperature. When energy is added to a liquid at the boiling temperature, its converts the liquid into a gas at the same temperature. In this case, the energy added to the liquid goes into breaking the bonds between the liquid molecules without causing the temperature to change. The same thing happens when a solid changes into liquid. For instance, ice and water can exist together at the melting temperature. Adding heat to ice-water slush will convert some of the ice to water without changing the temperature. In general, whenever there is a change of state, such as the solid-liquid or the liquid-gas transition, heat energy can be added without a temperature change. The change of state requires energy; so added energy goes into that instead of increasing the temperature. The Celsius scale has been calibrated to the physical properties of pure water. It illustrates the significance of water as physical matter in all forms. The normal freezing point of water was set as 0  °C and the normal boiling point of water was set at 100  °C. 4.   I have picked following atmospheric optical effects to examine and describe. Mirages are optical phenomena produced by refraction of light rays through air layers with large temperature gradients. An inferior mirage (i.e. it appears below its actual position) occurs when the temperature initially decreases rapidly with height. Light rays from the sky moving through the layers will be refracted upward in the less dense air (i.e. bent toward the denser air) giving the appearance of a layer of water. When seen from the ground or water a superior mirage (i.e. it appears above its actual position) occurs when there is a pronounced inversion near the surface, and normally over the sea or a large body of water. A distant object within the inversion layer, even something below the horizon, will appear in the sky above its actual position – possibly totally upside down or the upper portion upside down, but certainly distorted and wavering. A rainbow is the atmospheric optical phenomenon observed by solar light’s being reflected and refracted by the round water drops floating in the air. Because the refraction angle varies in the wavelength of the light, rainbow seems divided into seven colors from inside blue to outer red. The observer will see this concentration of reflected light rays as an intensified colored light band. This band consists of the first reflection rays from all the raindrops which lie on the surface of a cone, subtended at the observers eye, with an angular radius of 42 ° from an axis line drawn from the sun (directly behind the observer) through the observer’s head and extended down-sun to the antisolar point i.e. below the horizon where the shadow of the observer’s head might be. The Parhelia. When ice crystals are distributed on some condition in the sky, we can observe the lumps of light like the two suns in both sides of real sun. In case that ice crystals are distributing at random, the refracted light of 22 degrees by the solar light forms the â€Å"22 degrees halo†. But when crystal distributed being their bottom plate paralleling to the ground is superior, only refracted solar light on the right and left of the sun 22 degrees apart reaches observer. These refracted lights are detected as the Parhelia. It sometimes seems that some colors are separated like a rainbow. Circumzenithal arc. Refraction through the edges of plate crystals with nearly horizontal bases may produce a circumzenithal arc which is part of a circle, possibly one third, centered directly above the observer’s head and above the sun, just outside the 46 ° halo position. The halo may also be visible. The circumzenithal arc cannot occur when the sun’s elevation exceeds 32 °. Wave clouds. When air is lofted over a mountain range, it cools, saturates and condenses a windward-side cloud. The air surmounting the summit is just about at saturation, sometimes with respect to ice and at other times with respect to water, depending on the temperature and the height of the mountain barrier. Forcing air up over the overlying atmosphere causes a spring-like rebound and so the air stream downwind from the mountain barrier often undergoes an undulatory wave-like motion. At the crest of such waves, the airmass is supersaturated and a â€Å"wave-cloud† condenses out. How to cite The Earth, Essay examples

A Proposal For The Further Study Of free essay sample

Great Writers Essay, Research Paper A Proposal for the Further Study of Great Writers Dave Vinson Erythema nodosum leprosum 4230 11/20/00 It could be said that the survey of Literature and the survey of Psychology are a most incompatible mix. Properly schooled in one or the other of these two subjects, it is the psychologist who will indicate out the # 8220 ; left encephalon # 8221 ; is attributed with the maps of Analyzing, Mathematics, and bit-by-bit Reasoning and the # 8220 ; right encephalon # 8221 ; is similarly concerned with Creative Thinking and Visual-Pictorial accomplishments. Consequently, people will frequently happen a Niche in society that makes usage of that half of the domain that is dominant for them. This is non to state that one can non unite properties and run across subjects nevertheless. For illustration, there are those people who enjoy businesss such as Psycho-Biologists. It is really of import to indicate out that persons are uniting same-sphere accomplishments. For illustration, Psychology and Biology employ the Strength of 1s left-sided properties associated with the scientific discipline s. Society makes usage of these extremely skilled people who can congratulate one field by presenting another. It is nevertheless, Unnatural and sometimes Unsafe to unite left and right accomplishments. For illustration, what usage would we hold for an Artful-Biologist # 8221 ; or, a Psycho-Writer? There is farther treatment that the left encephalon is dominant and hence assumed that our originative actions are guided by some degree of Reason. That is, to be successful in Art or Literature, a practician will be guided by Reason to bring forth that, which will involvement the Customer. Furthermore and most of import, they will carefully analyse the impact their work will hold on the Interested perceiver. In certain state of affairss, the left-brain becomes Corrupted. When this occurs, the actions of the person are non guided by ground. In the event that that individual is a author, they will hold free reign to show their work Unfettered by Confiness of Reason. Although this can be fazing to the reader, these plants can go great verse forms and novels of our clip. This is because those of usage guided by ground attempt ( sometimes for centuries ) to calculate out the Reason that guided these great authors. It is hence my purpose to demo that we should research for Abnormality instead so Reason in these great authors. Alexander Pope # 8217 ; s An Essay on Criticism ( 1711 ) , appeared when he was 23 and included such lines as # 8220 ; a small acquisition is a unsafe thing. # 8221 ; It is at this point in his life that Pope warns us of his increasing Instability in the above transition. Pope, a Catholic, was excluded from the kind of university that his endowments deserved Demaria ( 1996 ) ) . Alternatively, Pope had an uneven instruction, which was frequently interrupted. He learned Latin and Greek from a local priest and subsequently he acquired cognition of Gallic and Italian ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.kirjasto.sci.fi/apope.htm. Pope # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; small acquisition # 8221 ; refers to his being unable to go to a Quality university. The Consequence, harmonizing to the transition, is that he had become a ( literary ) danger. Additionally, Pope # 8217 ; s little, hunched stature ( caused by TB ) assuredly caused him much Trauma as he developed. Harmonizing to category talk, he was so Traumatized that he even resisted portrayals of him being painted! We should now turn our attending to the American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders to find Pope # 8217 ; s afflictions. Body Dysmorphic Disorder is the Excessive preoccupation with one # 8217 ; s physical anomalousnesss that causes, in portion, Impairment in societal operation. In Pope # 8217 ; s instance, others Validated his ain preoccupation. For illustration, his kyphosis was a changeless Target for his critics in literary conflicts # 8211 ; Pope was called a # 8216 ; hunchbacked frog # 8217 ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.kirjasto.sci.fi/apope.htm. This leads one to chew over the being of a 2nd upset, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. PTSD can happen in persons who, harmonizing to the DSM IV, # 8220 ; have experienced a menace to the Integrity of self # 8221 ; . The upset can besides do Impairment with respects to Social Functioning. Pope # 8217 ; s plants were his manner of Contending back. His upsets had produced a Tenacious, Bitter adult male who resorted to Mocking others as he himself had been mocked. This is really evident in The Dunciad where he victimizes less celebrated ( and, of class, less impaired authors ) . It must be told, nevertheless, that he did non believe of this vehicle by himself but fashioned his arm by careful observation of how Dryden had belittled hapless Richard Flecknoe. Another great author # 8217 ; s Abnormal gifts to the literary universe are more easy identified by an easy identified upset. Samuel Johnson # 8220 ; had a nervous upsets that Resembled Tourettes syndrome # 8221 ; ( Demaria ( 19 96 ) . Harmonizing to the DSM IV, Tourettes Syndrome ( identified by motor and vocal tics ) , presents itself in childhood and, of class, Impairs societal Functioning. Although ( as in Pope # 8217 ; s instance ) , this surely would hold caused him some peer heartache as a kid, we will predate mapping out his way to developing his Posttraumatic stress disorder upset. An extra Factor to be considered is that ( like Pope ) , Johnson had Tuberculosis. This left him with defacing Scrofula and he besides was scarred by little syphilis. At this point we should get down to detect a form of how the diseases of the Restoration period added Vastly to the upsets of the period # 8217 ; s great authors. Johnson took merely a somewhat higher route in showing his Tortured head. In The life of Mr. Richard Savage, boy of the Earl of Rivers, we see Johnson rather satisfied with the release of caffeine-fiend-turned-murderer, Richard Savage. One must chew over why Johnson had such an involvement in the Unsavory Mr. Savage. Once once more, we must turn to psychological Enlightenment. Mr. Savage was combating Egotistic Personality Disorder. Specifically, he had a form of Grandiosity and Need for esteem. His unwellness presented itself in claims of being the boy of an Earl. It must be considered that Savage and Johnson shared a co-dependency with each other. Co-dependency was rampant throughout the period and one should research the Networking that these persons developed in what we refer to as # 8220 ; literary circles # 8221 ; to get down to build how huge they could go. Little was known of mental wellness at the clip nevertheless, one of Demaria # 8217 ; s writers had antecedently resolved himself to the job at manus and looked for an reply. His existent work was, nevertheless, Overlooked # 8230 ; John Locke was educated as a doctor and had a great involvement in what is now called psychological science. He was an empiricist who believed that our cognition of the universe is constructed from our experiences in it ( Goodwin ( 1999 ) . In his life-time he saw the English Civil war, overthrow and executings of male monarchs, alterations in his states # 8217 ; official faith, and two tierces of England go up in fume ( Goodwin ( 1999 ) . Still, he kept his Reason. In 1690, he published An Essay Concerning Human Understanding and An Essay refering the True Original Extent and End of Civil Government. The latter, which can be found in, our text ( in portion ) and the former mentioned briefly. More significantly, in 1693 he published Some Ideas Refering Education. In it, he Unselfishly parted with wisdom gained from his ain rigorous Puritan upbringing ( Goodwin 1999 ) . Presented among his thoughts were the followers: The upbringing of a kid Should include some well-planned Suffering. Among these, are difficult beds instead so soft 1s as # 8220 ; being buried each dark in plumes, thaws and Dissolves the organic structure, is frequently the Cause of Weakness, and the precursor of an early grave # 8221 ; . Locke besides prescribed rinsing pess in cold H2O and have oning leaky places to avoid DISEASE ( Goodwin 1999 ) . When one reads the Essaies by Locke they see no jeer of unsuspicious equals, no lampoon of serious topics. Presented in his authorship is a simple overview of good penetration and suggestions to avoid political discord, understand our senses and, raise good kids. He published these in clip for England to began raising their immature ( including Pope and Johnson ) with his methods. There is no indicant that either kid was raised with these methods so one must inquire if both would hold contracted their single diseases ( and subsequent fresh fish for Literature ) if they had followed Locke # 8217 ; s advice. Pope, Johnson, and Locke all experienced some grade of injury during their life-time. Pope and Johnson experienced personal physical injury and political agitation while Locke experienced the combustion of England and the political agitation of the 1600 # 8217 ; s that at one point Forced him to go forth his state for Holland. In their plants, a acute perceiver can see the difference between Locke # 8217 ; s benevolent advice and Pope and Johnson # 8217 ; s jeer, sarcasm and unsavoury relationships. Locke was a psychologist while Pope and Johnson were Writers. Locke had a sound left-brain while the other two showed some grade of mental impairment. Without soft beds and tight places, Demaria # 8217 ; s anthology may hold been a batch shorter. Bibliography Mentions American Psychiatric Association ( Ed. ) . ( 1992 ) . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental upsets ( 4th ed. ) . Washington, DC: Writer. Demaria, R. ( Ed. ) . ( 1996 ) . British literature 1640-1789 an anthology. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.. Goodwin, J.G. ( Ed. ) . ( 1999 ) . A history of modern psychological science. New York: Wiley and Sons, Iraqi National Congress. 369

Flappers Girls Gone Wild Essay Sample free essay sample

Up until the early 1900s the gait of alteration in American life styles had been comparatively slow with most people sing a similar life style to what their past coevalss had besides followed. The rate of alteration started to speed up in the early 1900s as new influences had an consequence that reached even the furtherest parts of the state. This had the consequence of making a new country-wide civilization in the early 20th century. The films. wireless shows. sophisticated advertisement. and popular magazines all had an influence on the lives of 1920’s young person who saw themselves as different from the older coevals. Young people began to pattern themselves on film and athleticss stars who represented a glamourous new age. but they besides took on many of the negative traits of their graven images like smoking. bad linguistic communication. immorality. and selfishness. This effected many immature adult females throughout the state. We will write a custom essay sample on Flappers: Girls Gone Wild Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They were known as flappers. After World War I. the Roaring Twenties saw tonss of alteration. Womans had the right to vote and new senses of independency and feminism that. when coupled with a popular disdain for Prohibition. may hold fueled the flapper fire. The flappers of the 1920s marked the beginning of a revolution of adult females. During this clip. adult females ditched their conservative feminine expressions and went for vesture. make-up and hairdos that were a far call from the norm and considered inappropriate at the clip. The rebellion led to a revolution in women’s manner and women’s functions. Flappers were normally immature. individual. middle-class adult female. They were considered the â€Å"Younger Generation† . They wore more audacious manners instead than the old Victorian manner many older adult females wore. Most of them had steady occupations as operators or gross revenues adult females of excessively. They wanted to interrupt away from and withstand old social norms. This new strain of flappers listened to the new wind sound and danced provokingly at wind nines. They dated freely and treated sex as a much more insouciant activity than their predecessors. Womans in this epoch drove autos. rode bikes and rebelliously drank intoxicant openly during the Prohibition epoch. Some flappers indulged in coffin nail use-some even dabbled in cocaine. Although they received a batch of bad imperativeness. they were besides being seen as symbols of advantages for the woman’s motion and feminism. Flappers were non all known for their behaviour ; they made an impact in manner every bit good. The manner they dressed was inspired by Gallic manners particularly Coco Chanel’s. Flapper manner made misss look immature and boylike which besides accompanied the name garconne in French. Flappers wore shorter skirts and showed more tegument. They frequently wore consecutive. free fitted frocks with shorter and even sometimes no arms. The waistline even dropped to the hips. They wore silk or rayon stockings with supporters. The skirts worn were rose to compensate above the articulatio genus to demo more leg when dancing or walking in the zephyr. Along with their outfits they wore heels that tended to be 2 to 3 inches high Flappers did off with old girdles and Pantaloons and introduced panties. They wore simple flop bodices to keep their chest still while dancing. They besides wore more comfy girdles which reached the hips to smooth the whole frame. giving adult females a more consecutive figure instead than curvy. This made adult females look more boylike. Another accommodation to do flappers look more boyish was Symington Side Lacer. It was a type of bandeau that pulled in the dorsum to do the chest appear more level. Other adult females were covetous of the flappers and bought the Symington Side Lacer to acquire the same expression. Hair and Accessories were of import to the flapper expression. The flappers wore their hair short and normally died it jet black. Some celebrated hairdos among them were the Bob. the Eton harvest. and the Shingle British shilling. They used their fingers to manner their hair which was called finger beckoning. Flappers besides wore chapeaus because they were required yet fashionable. They wore Newsboy caps and Cloche chapeaus. Other accoutrements such as pins. rings. and broachs came into the manner excessively along with many beds of necklaces. This was considered art deco which non merely became popular with flappers but with the edifices of the 1920s excessively. When it came to makes up. flappers didn’t travel easy on it. They wore heavy oculus makeup and lip rouge. They wore kohl around their eyes which was more of a dramatic expression for flappers. Along with that they besides wore bloom since it was no longer a mussy application procedure. They adored their lip rouge to acquire a bee stung lip expression. The decorative industry flowered due to many adult females utilizing makeup in big Numberss. The flapper expression appealed to many female famous persons at the clip. Some of these famous persons were Olive Borden. Alice White. Helen Kane. and Joan Crawford. Although they had the flapper expression one of the most celebrated flapper famous persons was Clara Bow. She was the â€Å"It† miss in the boom mid-twentiess due to her flapper expression and sex symbol to the state. Flappers were more about holding a good clip than anything else. They would smoke and day of the month freely. They would travel to speakeasies or wind nines to travel dance and imbibing every bit good. Some dances were considered flooring. These dances included the Charleston. the Shimmy. the Bunny Hug and the Black Bottom. Flappers had their ain slang as good. Their idiom reflected their imbibing wonts every bit good as their actions. â€Å"I have to travel see a adult male about a Canis familiaris. † normally meant traveling to purchase whisky. Another term was â€Å"handcuff† which meant an nuptials or engagement ring. They even had slang that some people use today like â€Å"That’s the bee’s knees! † or â€Å"That’s a clump of boloney. † The older work forces and adult females found the flappers crude. Flappers were energetic but the older coevals thought the energy was focused excessively much in the incorrect way. They focused on. as a adult female of the older coevals stated. â€Å"a frivolous chase of merriment instead than seeking to break their sex and their race. † The great letdown the older coevals had for the young person created a big barrier and coevals spread within society. Though many were shocked by the flapper’s skimpy garb and wild behaviour. a less utmost version of the flapper became respectable among the old and the immature. Some adult females cut off their hair and stopped have oning their girdles. but didn’t go to the extreme of flapperhood. This was one of the causes of the terminal of the flappers. On October 29. 1929 the Stock Market crashed and the universe entered the Great Depression. Recklessness was forced to come to an terminal. although some flappers remained. This came to the decision of the Roaring 20s and what came with it. In the 1920s. flappers broke off from the Victorian image of muliebrity. They dropped the girdle. chopped their hair. dropped beds of vesture to increase easiness of motion. wore makeup. created the construct of dating. and became a sexual individual. They created what many consider the â€Å"new† or â€Å"modern† adult female. Bibliography â€Å"46d. Flappers. † Flappers [ ushistory. org ] . N. p. . n. d. Web. 13 Jan. 2013. â€Å"Costume History: Flappers and the Roaring Twenties. † Flappers and the Roaring 20’s. N. p. . n. d. Web. 13 Jan. 2013. â€Å"Flapper. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. 13 Jan. 2013. Web. 13 Jan. 2013. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Flapper gt ; . â€Å"The Flapper: The Heroine or Antagonist of the 1920s. † Modern America. N. p. . n. d. Web. 13 Jan. 2013.

Plastic Paradise Essays - Containers, Plastics, Packaging

Plastic Paradise Essays - Containers, Plastics, Packaging Plastic Paradise Plastic is having a huge impact on our society, health, and wildlife. It has been around for numerous years, and if we do not take actions into consideration, it will be a tragic loss for us. Unless we take drastic measures to save our planet, and learn from the film "Plastic Paradise" how we can differ from this. Plastic is not uncommon. On the contrary it is normal. Tens on thousands of marine species are killed every year due to plastic waste. Most of this will begin as liter on beaches, streets, and sidewalks. One scenario is when storm water runoff and overwatering flushes them through storm drains or directly to creeks, streams, and rivers, which then lead to the ocean. In marine environments, many animals confuse plastic littering for food. Once plastic is indigested it cannot be digested or passed by an animal so it stays in the gut. This can cause food prevention, and can lead to a very slow painful death. A considerable amount of autopsy's have been performed on animals who have been deceased by plastic. An example was when a bloodless whale was found on the Normandy coast. The animals stomach contained 800 kg of plastic bags. As of a result of this plastic also puts the food chain in a crisis. One example that is effect by this is coral, which is highly beneficial to us in numero us ways. Which are an excellent calcium supplement, treating multiple sclerosis, to treat and prevent cancer, heart disease, and Zavala 2 other chronic health problems. Coral has a crucial impact on assisting doctors with the proper medical care when it relates to help prevent or treat diseases. Not only can plastic be harmful to our environment, but also to our health as well. An example is plastic having chemical migration from the packaging process into the contents. Examples of plastics contaminating food have been reported with most plastic types, including Styrene from polystyrene, plasticizers from PVC, antioxidants from polyethylene, and Acetaldehyde from PET. A few of these products are ones we use in everyday life such as water bottles, plastic bags, receipts (which contains BPA), kitchen utensils, and packaging. Majority of these products we use on a daily basis are harming us. There are several ways using less plastic will be beneficial to us. We can begin by resulting to cloth bags, recycle as much as we possibly can, and choosing products with vey minimal packaging. Lastly, the most important plastic can take up to hundreds of years to breakdown. Different kinds of plastic can degrade at different times, but the average time for a plastic bottle to completely degrade is at least 450 years. Some can even take longer which is up to 1000 years, and releases toxins into the ground. Even for the smallest bottle it seems as if it takes eternity to be biodegradable. This is also leading to clogging up our landfills, and there are even more reasons of why we should band plastic. About 1.5 million barrels of oil are used every year to make bottles, and even more oil is burned transporting them. This film is very informative on how we should take a stand against the use of plastic. We can help and save our wildlife, the environment, and our health if we reduce the use of plastic. Such as recycling, very minimal packaging, and the use of cloth bags, reusable Zavala 3 water bottles, etc. By taking these steps we can make a dramatic change to better our future. Plastic Paradise: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Dir. Angela Sun. Sunshine Films, 2013. Film.

Chose one of the options in the instructions sheet Essay

Chose one of the options in the instructions sheet - Essay Example The society has realized a new implied meaning that can dictate the growing need for a society that does not have a way of checking on its developmental statuses. The important thing is to look at the impact of this growth based on the critical theory as noted by Max Horkheimer. People come together to form a society that operates within a set of predetermined rules. The main goal is to ensure that people have a shared custom and beliefs that will see them improve, formulate strong relationships and construct strong social gatherings. The important aspect is to understand how to check on the growing attributes and decide whether the society is growing according to what it believes in. Human beings have to note that critical theory asserts the need to critique the society based on the interactions that people have (James & Szeman 90). This implies creating and enhancing the growing liberation of those who feel entangled in the growth process. The society has a growing need to input new thought and feelings in its people, and the only way this has managed to remain a goal in many parts of the world is the current innovation and utility of the Internet. The Internet has changed the way people socialize and communicate. Unlike in the past when the mothers had to train their daughters on womanhood and fathers had to take charge of their sons, the Internet is now a hub of all kinds of information. Teenagers, for example, are looking for advice from the internet and not from their parents. Parents instead of sitting and talking with their children also seek advice from online psychics on how to deal with their children. The Internet, in essence, has revolutionized the way the society interacts (James & Szeman 98-9). The major problem is that this invention has made it easier to maximize on the communication aspect from a global front, where automation of services has lessened the communication time amongst parties in

Drug Abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Drug Abuse - Essay Example As the research stresses the problem affects the victim in numerous ways because they are not good for the body, that is, they are harmful to the body. Drug abuse can harm the body system of an individual in numerous ways, such as the heart, liver, lungs, kidneys and also the brain. These organs can be heavily damaged by the introduction of the harmful drugs into the body system. From the report it is clear men, women and teenagers within the United States are widely experiencing the effects of drug abuse and have become addicted victims. Drugs such as Alcohol, cocaine, heroin and meth. Marijuana is among the drugs that are often abused, although, it is not technically addictive. All these drugs fall under the prohibited drugs in the American Law. However, Marijuana has been legalized in other places. Some other states are still in a discussion regarding the legalization of marijuana. These drugs are by all mean destructive as they lead to loss of job, families as well as homes. Drug abuse is a problem that has been relevant in the public domain for several decades. Some drugs such as cocaine, are rather expensive and used by individuals from wealthier families. The drug has physical and psychological effects on the victim. Methamphetamine is another seriously effective drugs and among the fastest growing in the United States. The effects are relatively harsh to the user and can be awfully concerning. Addicts experience a decline in appetite, high blood pressure, high body temperature, and violent behavior.

Importing & Exporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Importing & Exporting - Essay Example ge rates.1The problem arises when future payments or remunerations payable in a foreign currency depreciate in value before the foreign currency payment is received and is exchanged into the local currency of the firm. This problem can make or break an exporter’s profit base. It is not that an unexpected increase or decrease in the foreign currency may not be profitable and will always cause a loss. But this entire uncertainty hampers businesses and overall economic growth. There are two kinds of markets within the foreign exchange market: One is the Spot market which involves forex payments for exports delivered with in two or three days as the rates are quoted in line with the exchange rate prevalent at the time of the transaction.2The other kind of market is the forward or future market which concerns the delivery of exchange rate payments for exports to be delivered with in 3 days or more. Here the banks will use the forex rate on which they are willing to buy or sell the currency with in a month or more after the transaction.3 It can be seen that due to the volatile and unpredictable nature of the forex markets during times of political or economic crisis both the export markets carry a considerable risk for the multinational firms.There are of course a number of export marketing channels which can become good strategies to combat the foreign exchange risks and transaction exposure for an export firm. Firstly a firm can opt for Transferring exposure.This will involves the transfer of the transaction exposure to another company through the technique asking them to pay for a product in your currency so that they have to bear the transaction exposure resulting from forex uncertainty on their own. Another technique would be to price the export in the local currency of the other firm and demand payment immediately in which case the current spot rate will determine the value in your own currency of the export.4The other way of using an export payment

Essential Oils for Muscle Discomfort and Inflammation Relief

Essential Oils for Muscle Discomfort and Inflammation Relief Whether from overwork or under use, many of us have had to deal with muscle aches and discomforts at one point or another. While there are several remedies available to relieve muscle discomfort, both natural and pharmaceutical, essential oils have their own role in soothing the sore muscles and offering relief. The most popular essential oils that are generally used to soothe muscle discomfort include wintergreen, cinnamon, marjoram, cypress and basil. With that said, here are some of the best essential oils you can use for muscle pain relief: Basil Basil can be applied directly as a massage oil to reduce swelling in the muscles. It works as a decongestant, antiseptic, muscle relaxant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, antiviral and antispasmodic. Individuals with epilepsy, kids, and pregnant females must avoid making use of basil. It may likewise be a skin irritant. Basil can either be ingested in diluted forms or used in a diffuser. Marjoram Marjoram essential oil can be beneficial for bronchitis, headache, asthma, whooping cough or any irregularity in muscles. With the right knowledge of its use, Marjoram fits for both oral consumption and topical application with no known side effects involved. Tea Tree There are not many side effects involved with the use of tea tree oil; however, a little caution must be followed when using this oil on children under the age of 6. In addition, I have found people using tea tree oil to have a higher vulnerability to contact sensitization. Neroli Neroli is calming, relaxing, promotes self-confidence, sensuality, peace of mind, and positivity. When used properly, there are no known side effects to using the oil. Neroli can be applied topically as a fragrance, or used in diffused form. Spearmint Spearmint essential oil can work wonders for those suffering from muscle pain and inflammation. There are no known adverse effects to using this oil; however, skin irritation is one of the negative outcomes when this oil id used for long. This oil can be taken orally, used externally or in a diffuser. Helichrysum Helichrysum is useful for reducing the inflammation of the muscles, acne and headaches. In addition, this oil promotes the healing of injuries or burns, detoxifies the body and boosts the immune system, reverses the signs of aging, and fights the fungal infections. There are no known adverse effects to making use of this essential oil, but ingesting it orally can be toxic. Helichrysum can be used both topically and in a diffuser. Peppermint Peppermint essential oil is highly relaxing for those suffering from muscle pain and inflammation. While there are no known negative effects to making use of peppermint oil, I have seen some people reporting problems like mild skin irritation. It can be taken internally, topically, or used in a diffuser. Wintergreen Wintergreen essential oil can be beneficial for small muscle aches and pains, issues of the kidney, nerve pain, arthritis, throbbing joints and menstrual pain. This oil is hazardous when ingested orally, and can trigger ringing in the ears, forgetfulness, belly pain, headache, vomiting and nausea, if not used appropriately. It can be applied topically to the skin or used in a diffuser. Clary Sage Clary Sage essential oil can be helpful for inflammation of the muscles when applied to the skin. There are no recognized negative effects to making use of clary sage, when taken in right amounts. It can be taken orally (it acts as a flavor for food) or used topically. Chamomile Chamomile essential oil helps in sleep and has soothing and relaxing properties that help to lower stress and anxiety. Possible adverse effects can include contact dermatitis, anaphylaxis and other extreme hypersensitivity reactions. You can diffuse it or rub 2 drops of this oil on the temples or back of the neck, either prior to going to bed or when dealing with a difficult situation. Cinnamon Cinnamon essential oil has the ability to stabilize blood sugar, reduce inflammation, and battle the infection. There are no known side results to using cinnamon; however, it may be a skin irritant and may irritate the nasal passages if not watered down. Cypress Cypress essential oil reduces pain in the muscles including muscle fatigue and spasms. In addition, this essential oil helps in relieving aching muscles after a strenuous exercise session. When used topically, it easily penetrates the skin and mixes with the blood within minutes, triggering immediate relaxation and pain relief. Common muscle illnesses and the essential oils you can use for them General Muscle Discomfort The best essential oils to use for general muscle discomfort are Marjoram and Pepper mint followed by wintergreen, white fir, vetiver, Spanish sage, silver fir, rosemary, Lemongrass, lavender, Ginger, Cypress, Birch, Basil and Balsam fir. Muscle aches If you are throbbing due to muscle pain or have fibromyalgia or connective tissue discomfort, the following essential oils are most helpful: Peppermint, Oregano, Marjoram, Clove and Birch. Other than these essential oils, I have found Wintergreen, White Fir, Thyme, Rosemary, Chamomile, Lavender and Helichrysum to be quite useful. Cardiac Muscle pain Yes, your heart is a muscle. Marjoram and Lavender work best for such muscle issues, followed by Rosemary, peppermint and Cinnamon. You can use these oils topically or in a diffuser for aromatic use. Cartilage Injury Birch, Marjoram, and Wintergreen are best for this kind of injury. Lemongrass and Peppermint are likewise useful. Lack of energy in muscles To energize the muscles prior to a workout, use Rosemary. It warms the muscles and helps them to stretch for optimal efficiency. Muscle Cramps Often prompted by pressure or lack of blood circulation, leg and foot cramps can often be prevented by remaining hydrated. Lemongrass, Marjoram, and Peppermint are the best oils for relief, followed by Vetiver, Rosemary, Chamomile, Lavender, Grapefruit, Cypress, Clary Sage and Basil. Muscle Fatigue List of essential oils that I can confidently recommend for muscle fatigue includes White Fir, Peppermint, Marjoram and Cypress. Other than that, Thyme, Rosemary, Grapefruit and Eucaluptus have also shown quite good results with my patients. Muscle Spasms While spasms are not usually agonizing, they can be eased with the use of Basil, Chamomile and Marjoram. Peppermint, Lavender, Cypress and Clary Sage can likewise help. Muscle Sprains Stress in the ligament can be treated with White Fir, marjoram and Lemongrass. Other essential oils that might be helpful are Vetiver, Thyme, Rosemary, Lavender, Helichrysum, Ginger, Eucalyptus and Clove. Tendinitis Marjoram and Lavender are the best essential oils you can use for swelling of the tendon. Muscle stress Whether caused due to physical stress, or emotional anxiety, Marjoram is your best choice for muscle stress. Helichrysum, Lavender, Peppermint, and Roman Chamomile are also useful. Prepare your own essential oil Blends For a muscle pull, blend 3 drops of Roman Chamomile and 2drops of sugary food grade Marjoram together. Apply this blend via cold compress. For muscular pain, combine 3 drops of Roman Chamomile with 3 drops of Lavender. Apply this blend using cold compress. For swelling in the muscles, use a cold compress of 3 drops of Peppermint and 3 drops of Yarrow. To release a muscle spasm, mix 2 drops of Ginger, 3 drops of Cypress and 3 drops of Sweet Marjoram with 3 teaspoons of carrier oil of your choice. Apply this blend topically twice in a day. To soothe tender muscles, blend 3 drops of Lemongrass, 5 drops of Ginger, and 5 drops of Lavender with 5 teaspoons carrier oil of your choice. Apply this blend topically three times in a day. To relax tight muscles, blend 4 drops of Lavender, 4 drops of Rosemary, and 2 drops of Ginger with 4 teaspoons of carrier oil. Use this blend topically three times in a day. In order to ease rheumatic pain, blend 3 drops of Lavender, 3 drops of Ginger, and 3 drops of Silver Fir in 5 teaspoons of carrier oil. Apply this blend over the impacted areas three times in a day. In order to enhance flow of blood to the cramping muscles of the leg combine 3 drops of Ginger, 5 drops of Black Pepper, and 5 drops of Cinnamon in 5 teaspoons of carrier oil. Use this blend over areas where muscle cramps exist. For centuries, essential oils have been recognized for having therapeutic properties. Ancient cultures exercised the art of making essential oils for reliving muscle pain by first soaking the leaves, branches, bark and flowers of plants in oil for duration of time and then using linens to cleanse, separate and filter the oils in a concentrated form. Always remember that muscles need potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, glucose and sufficient amounts of water to work. So, I would recommend that you do not overlook something that is the basic requirement for your muscles to function optimally.

The Dance :: essays research papers

THE DANCE It was a dark, windy night and Stacey Browning was just finishing work at The Tree Stump Burger Barn. It wasn’t a busy night, so Stacy suggested that her heavily pregnant boss, Sarah, leave work early, and Stacey would clean and lock up. Stacey was trying to stretch her night out for as long as possible, because tomorrow night was the school dance, and she knew her mother wouldn’t make her go if she was too tired from a hard night at work. Stacey loathed the school dance because it was a dance only enjoyed by ‘cool’, popular, beautiful people, and Stacey was not one of them. At ten-thirty, Stacey turned off the lights in the building, locked the big, glass doors and stepped into the cold, dark night. She decided not to ring her mother and ask to be picked up, because it was only a short walk home and she felt guilty about waking her at such a late hour on such a cold night. Stacey was only just out of the driveway of the restaurant, when she realised she had left her purse in the building. She quickly walked back, unlocked the doors, and turned on the lights. She walked into the kitchens to look for her purse. While she was in there, she heard the doors open and the service bell ring. "Sorry, we’re closed," Stacey called, as she walked out of the kitchens. She looked around the restaurant, and no-one was there. "They must of left," she thought. As she was about to turn off the lights, Stacey felt a cold shiver. "I knew I forgot something else," Stacey mumbled as she walked over to the air-conditioning unit to turn it off, but it was already off. She stood there puzzled for a moment, then walked back to the light switch, trying to think if she had forgotten anything else. With out warning a gust of wind blew the doors open, and circled in the centre of the restaurant. A woman appeared in the middle of the wind. She looked young, in her late twenties, dressed in a white gown which covered her whole body, except her eyes. Stacy stepped back shocked and stuttered "W-wwho are y-y-you?" "I am here to help you," the woman said, with a strong foreign accent. "You are worried about the dance?" she said. "Yes, I am." Stacey replied.

African Societies Transformed

Walter Rodney explains how different tribes In Africa survived or were defeated. The Bilbao were one of the tribes most mentioned which lead me to believe that they were very well off. Rodney then went on to describe how they were able to survive. I will discuss why I believe they did survive so long and so well. First off, I do not agree with how the Bijou handled their survival.Raging war and capturing your own neighbors Is what the Balboa had to do though. Rodney describes the tribe as geared towards war and the men were great warriors (56). The Bijou would burn down a village and If the people fought on their way from the burning huts, the Bilbao men would cut them to pieces. The ones that did not fight would be taken captive for the Europeans. Sine the Bilbao tribe were such great warriors. They were very near able to avoid enslavement of their own people.Along with their talent of fighting, they were very easily manipulated by the Europeans. Because the Bilbao were so easily ma nipulated, the Europeans could get however many slaved they wanted or needed. Like I mentioned before, I do not agree with their way of survival but at the same time I can understand why they did what they did. Being under the thumb of the Europeans is better than being a slave. I do believe that that was their same logic as well.Considering their situation, I would Greer just this once, that I would have done what they did to at least have a 90% chance of survival. Rodney, Walter. African Societies Were Transformed by the Slave Trade. Oxford university Press: Copy Right 1970. African Societies Transformed By Jellyroll How The Bilbao Survived Walter Rodney explains how different tribes in Africa survived or were defeated. The First off, I do not agree with how the Bilbao handled their survival. Raging war and capturing your own neighbors is what the Bilbao had to do though.Rodney describes the tribe as geared towards war and the men were great warriors (56). The Bilbao would burn do wn a village and if the people fought on their way from the burning huts, the Bilbao men would cut them to pieces. The ones that did not fight would be taken captive for the Europeans. Sine the Bilbao tribe were such great warriors, they of fighting, they were very easily manipulated by the Europeans. Agree Just this once, that I would have done what they did to at least have a 90%.

Compare and Constrast Classical China and Classical India

Though they had some different qualities, Classical China and India were very similar. The complexities of both India and China’s social hierarchy systems were very different. However their religious views and ideas were similar, and they both began to decline but were able to recover and maintain stability. Both China and India used social hierarchy systems, but they were used differently. India used a very strict system called Varna, or the caste system. People only associated with people in their class. Marriage outside of your class and helping people in lower classes was absolutely forbidden.People couldn’t even eat or drink with people outside of their class. The Chinese rules of social hierarchy were very different. The Chinese believed in reciprocal respect within relationships. For example, the ruler respects the subject and the subject respects the ruler. Another major difference was the specific levels of the social ladder. The caste system of India had four basic levels: the Brahmins (priests), followed by the Kshatriyas (warriors), then the Vaishyas (work people), and finally the Shudras (peasants).All four of these castes were divided into subgroups called jati. This system was very complex and stratified and a person could not change castes. The Chinese only had three steps on their social ladder. On top was the educated bureaucrats and landowners. The peasants and the urban artisans were in the middle class and the â€Å"mean† or meaningless people were at the bottom. Priests in India were considered very powerful and they were at the top of society. The Classical Chinese emperors used a centralized religion called Confucianism and a priest class wasn’t necessary.There was other religions in China but the priests were isolated from the rest of the population. The Chinese social system was very simple and the Indian caste system was more specific. India and China used different hierarchy systems, but they had similar r eligious views and ideas. At this point in time Hinduism was very popular in India and the Chinese emperors stressed confucian ideas. Hinduism and Confucianism were very similar. In both religions there was no specific gods to be worshiped, but there was religious shrines.People were obedient to confucianism because it stressed respect to all people. The goal of Hinduism was to free your soul and reach moksha. In order to do so people had to follow the rules and do the right thing. Confucianism and Hinduism worked because all people benefited from them. Another major similarity of India and China was the cause and effects of the declines of their golden ages. Both India and China had strong enough civilizations to withstand the challenges they faced and not completely fall.Because of China’s strong political system and because of India’s uniform religion, both civilizations were able to recover and revive themselves. Nomadic invaders attacked both civilizations and thi s was a setback but strong emperors helped regain order. The strength of the political systems was also challenged. Arab invaders tried to convert India to Islam but failed because Indian religious leaders worked to strengthen HInduism. In China bureaucrats became corrupt and started fighting for power and assassinating each other.Thankfully the Sui and Tang dynasties worked to regain power and they restored Confucianism because they knew it worked in the past. India and China lost power but they were able to maintain stability. China and India had some qualities that contrast each other, but the two civilizations were very similar. Their social hierarchy systems were different, but they shared common religious views and ideas, they both suffered a decline but they were able to recover and maintain stability.

Proofreading from Hard Copy

Proofreading from Hard Copy Proofreading from Hard Copy Proofreading from Hard Copy By Guest Author Few people now (with the possible exception of poets) write on paper. For most of us, our thoughts take shape on screen, and our words exist as magnetic patterns on disk, rendered as phosphor dots, or the flat screen equivalent. Sometimes thats the final form of the writing. Its destined for the Web or another online destination, and may never exist in permanent form. Of course, it has not always been this way. The only way of reading words, until recently was through marks on a writing surface such as paper, sometimes referred to derisively by techno-nerds as sliced dead trees. This is the way we all learned to read, and many people still recommend proofreading long pieces of writing using printed output, since it comes more naturally to most than screen-based checking. For any long pieces of writing (long being over 1,000 words), I almost always print out my documents and sit down with a red pencil, away from the computer. Ive picked up some basic ideas in the course of years to deal with the problem of proofreading from paper. Some may work for you, some may not. Use Courier, or some other non-proportional typeface. Mistakes (especially punctuation errors) often seem to show themselves more often when your writing appears in this form. Dont try to lay the piece out in its final format concentrate on the words, not the appearance. Print out your work double-spaced, and leave wide margins at left and right for comments and corrections. Number the pages, especially if you print double-sided. Dont make the corrections on the computer as you find them. Move away from the computer, or at least close the file. When you have finished proofreading the entire piece, make the corrections on the computer, crossing them off on paper as you go. Read your work out loud. It forces a higher level of concentration than silent reading. Use a red (or at least a color other than black) pen or pencil to mark up your text. When you come to make the corrections on the computer, use another color (say blue) to check off the corrections as you make them. Take the trouble to learn the standard proofreading signs and symbols. It means that you will be able to work on other peoples work, and they on yours when necessary. For proofreading (i.e. basic spell-checking in context), read backwards (i.e. from the bottom of the page upwards). Since the words come in an unfamiliar and unnatural order, you are more likely to find mistakes than if you read forwards and read what you expect to see, instead of whats already there. As I say, you may not find that all these work for you, but all are worth trying at least once. Hugh Ashton was born in the UK, and now lives in Kamakura, Japan, where he has lived for 21 years. He works as a writer and journalist, specializing in IT- and financial-related work. His first novel, Beneath Gray Skies, an alternate history novel dealing with a Confederacy in the 1920s, is available through Amazon, etc. Details here. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Spelling Test 1A While vs AwhileNarrative, Plot, and Story

Influence of American Culture on the Rest of the World Essay

Influence of American Culture on the Rest of the World - Essay Example American style of dressing was distinctly known for its informality and casualness. Now we see the whole world dressing up like that. People, all across the world, now prefer to wear American brands. For example, Nike, which is an American brand, now has its market all over the world. People now dress for convenience. They wear traditional clothes and costumes on rituals but on normal days, they go for jeans and western wear which is again American way of dressing. Levi Strauss, a San Francisco based producer of jeans, introduced the idea of jeans as durable clothing, and now there is hardly anyone in this world who does not have a blue jean in their wardrobe. In 1993 Levi Strauss operated 700 plants in 60 countries making 200 different styles of blue jeans alone (New Internationalist, 1998). American designers such as Ralph Lauren, Calvin Klein, Liz Claiborne and many more are now gaining popularity in the world market. Another way how American Culture has influenced the world is through television. American channels are broadcasted all over the world either in English or translated. Every house, all over the world, now has easy access to these channels which promotes American culture. American television shows are watched all over the world and people become fans of the actors. ... These channels and movies have influenced countries all over the world. Soaps, late night television shows and reality shows which were once what America's television was known for is now a part of television channels all over the world. Americas Next Top Model, American Idol, Deal or No Deal, So You think You can Dance and Who Wants to be a Millionaire are some shows which have influenced the world to such an extent that similar shows are being produced in countries all over the world. FoodFast food was a definite feature of American Food. McDonalds, Burger King, TGIF. All of these once used to be what only the Americans used to eat. But this has also changed. All the names mentioned above now have franchises globally. Antarctica is the only continent without McDonald and it has over 30,000 locations all over the world. (Associated Content, 2006). People all over the world now think of fast food as cheap and convenient which is why it is getting so popular.However, lately, the Americans have realized the importance of diet and healthy food. People all over the world are now following them by understanding the importance of organic food and changing their eating habits. Starbucks Coffee which was one a distinct characteristic of the American lifestyle is now recognized and is gaining popularity at a global level. Lastly, because of how time is changing, people from all over the world are learning from Americans and Microwave Food is gaining popularity throughout the world. Language English was basically the language for the British but since the American culture is a mix of a lot of cultures from all over the world, it became the language for Americans as well. Now we see that the world has started to adopt

Trobriander Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Trobriander Culture - Essay Example The yam is the very object that can give a man political and economic power, however it is the one thing he can not grow for himself. This fact is the basis for the way the Trobriander culture functions. To understand the importance f the yam in the Trobriander culture, one must understand who grows and distributes the yams. It all starts with the preparation f the land. Due to the poor soil in the area, the Trobrianders use 'slash and burn' or 'swidden' cultivation to enrich the soil with minerals. Although married couples work together to prepare the yam fields, growing yams is primarily the man's job. The man uses young people to help him in his yam garden. He will later pay them with yams he receives. They may use this to buy things from the trading store or to buy secrets about the land and how it came into possession by the owners. Although it is the man that labors rigorously to grow the yams, they are never really his to use. The yams are grown for a single woman, usually his sister; therefore the garden is named after her. Although the yams are grown for a mans sister, it is her husband that will use the yams for political maneuvering. The yams, after staying on display at the gardens for about a month, are taken directly to the woman's husband's yam house. The only one that can use the yams while they are still at the garden is the gardens namesake, and this is only under a dire emergency such as a death in the family. The amount f yams a man gives to his sister is a direct, and publicly viewed, reflection f the relationship between the woman's husband and the grower. An abundance f yams can be given if the grower sees his brother-in-law as a hard worker, or good provider for his sister. This exchange is beneficial to the man giving the yams to a hard working man because he has repayment f woman's wealth coming back to him. The grower may also give an abundance f yams to a woman whose husband is seen as a political force to be allied with. It is the obligation f the receiver f the yams to return the generosity for the gift f yams by giving him cooked yams, taro, and pieces f pork if available. The distribution f the yams is designed to encourage good social relationships between neighbors and family. It is also highly dependent on hard work. No one will wish to give yams to a man that has nothing to give back in return because he is lazy. Having a yam house is a good indication f someone with political prowess. A man can not build his own yam house. The yam house can only be built by a man's in-laws, and this will only happen after the man proves his worthiness through years f hard work. A yam house is like a summer house in that it is possessed only by well established men. A man is bound to his wife's family because he depends on them to give him yams and also to build his yam house when he is ready for it. Weinder writes, 'A man can develop political power only if he has strong support from his wife's relatives, and this support is primarily demonstrated through yam production' (92). The woman's family is also reliant on her husband for yams in the event f death in the family. Therefore, there is a working relationship that requires an equal effort on both sides to be productive. Yams should be viewed more as a currency with symbolic value that can be used as a food. The main purpose f the yam is